Heidi Basch-Harod has published an article in "IEMed Mediterranean Yearbook 2019", which examines the history of social media campaigns dealing with women's rights in the Middle East and North Africa.
"Before the online viral #MeToo campaign stormed the globe in October 2017, since 2011 there had been several influential social media campaigns championing women’s rights in the MENA region. With an estimated population of 258,356,867, 65% of MENA inhabitants had access to the Internet as of December 2018. While women have less access to the Internet than men, recent history shows this does not preclude women from advocating for their rights in a substantive manner, both online and offline".
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